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"The Plague":
Artificial Turf



The sinister, unnatural "plague" got started in the Astrodome in 1966, thanks to the Monsanto Corporation, but it did not start to spread until the 1970s, when it quickly reached epidemic proportions. From 1970 until 1990, only one new major league baseball stadium had a grass field: Arlington Stadium, in Texas. Fourteen stadiums used artificial turf on at least part of the field during some or all of the years that major league baseball was played in them, but no more than ten did so at any one time. Four of these stadiums actually had real grass when they first opened. (One stadium, Comiskey Park, used both grass AND artificial turf at the same time, from 1969 through 1976.) Candlestick Park was the first all-artificial turf stadium to go back to using God's natural green grass in 1979, and three others eventually followed suit. For the six domed stadiums, grass was simply not a "viable option," as they learned the hard way in Houston. For the other seven open-air stadiums, the leading rationales for adopting artificial turf were ease of maintenance and the need for durability during those months when the field was subject to multi-sport use. Indeed, ten of these stadiums are classified by this Web site as "doughnut clones," but six stadiums in that grouping never had artificial turf. There have been two baseball-only stadiums with artificial turf: Royals (Kauffman) Stadium and Tropicana Field. Eight stadiums had artificial turf throughout their major league baseball years, of which only three still remain. After the Twins leave the Metrodome in 2010, the only ones left will be Rogers Centre in Toronto, and Tropicana Field in St. Petersburg.

Stadiums with artificial turf:
Chronology

Stadium   66   68   70   72   74   76   78   80   82   84   86   88   90   92   94   96   98   00   02     04     06     08
Astrodome  Gr. Astroturf Astroturf  
Comiskey Park  Grass Grass AND Astroturf* Grass  
Busch Stadium II    Grass Astroturf Astroturf Astroturf Grass  
Riverfront Stadium    Astroturf Grass  
Three Rivers Stad.    Tartan Turf TartanTurf Astroturf  
Veterans Stadium    Astroturf Astroturf NeXturf*  
Candlestick Park  Grass A Astroturf Grass  
Kauffman Stadium    Astroturf Grass
Kingdome    Astroturf  
Exhibition Stadium    Astroturf Astroturf  
Olympic Stadium    Astroturf FT  
Metrodome    SporTurf Astroturf Astro Play
Rogers Centre    Astroturf FT
Tropicana Field    Astro FieldTurf
TOTAL 0 1 1 1 2 5 7 7 8 8 8 7 10 10 9 9 9 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 9 8 8 9 9 7 5 5 5 4 3 3 3 3

NOTE: The following special cases are indicated above by brown borders around the bright green table cells:
    From 1969 to 1975, Comiskey Park had a grass outfield and "Sox Sod" (Astroturf) in the infield.
    For a few years in the Astrodome (1966-1970), Busch Stadium (1970-1976), Three Rivers Stadium (1970-1972), and Candlestick Park (1971), the infielders' playing area was all dirt.
    Tropicana Field has likewise had an all-dirt infielders' playing area, as in a normal grass field, ever since major league games began there in 1998.
    Otherwise, the only areas not covered by artificial turf were the warning tracks and the small areas immediately adjacent to home plate and each base.

The artificial turf at some of the stadiums was replaced once or twice, indicated by separate segments in the table below. In three cases, this simply involved covering the dirt in the infielders' playing area. The "FieldTurf," which was first installed at Tropicana Field in 2000, and the "NeXturf," which was first installed at Veterans Stadium in 2001, have a more natural color and texture than previous rug variations. It was installed at Montreal's Olympic Stadium in 2004 and in Toronto's Roger Centre in 2005.

SOURCES: Lowry (2006), ballparks.com.

FAN TIPS: Mark London


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